Projects in state waters require authorization from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regardless of whether the project is grid-connected or not. See further definitions and requirements in Nationwide Permit 52 (p. 73-74; Water-Based Renewable Energy Generation Pilot Projects, Effective Date: March 19, 2017; Expiration Date: March 18, 2022). Authorization from the USACE encompasses the following regulatory elements: